Concept of Power, Authority & Legitimacy under Political Science | Political science notes for BALLB
Power
• the concept of power can be understood in political terms as well as in legal terms.• In political terms,
- power simply means to manipulate or to suppress the people and their ideas towards the desired goals.
- it is a psychological phenomenon, therefore the relation between those who exercise power and those over whom exercised is a psychological relation.
- ability to influence the conduct of others even against their will.
According to RM Maciver,
"power means the presence of a force to regulate the behaviour of the people to control them and to direct such behaviour"
According to Bertrand Russell,
"power is the capacity to influence the actions of others."
• In legal terms,
- powers are a class of legal rights such as the right to make a will or to alienate property, the right of issuing execution on a judgement, the powers vested in judges and other officials for the fulfillment of their functions.
According to Dias,
"Power denotes ability in a person to alter the existing legal condition whether of oneself or of another for better or for worse."
Authority
• Authority is a person or persons or a body exercising power of command. It is the power or right to give orders and make others obey.• key difference between power and authority is that, Authority is ALWAYS backend by law.
• According to Simon,
"Authority may be defined as “the power to make decisions which guide the actions of another. It is a relationship between two individuals—one supervisor, the subordinate."
According to Henry Fayol,
“The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. Authority gives the management the power to enforce obedience."
Legitimacy
• legitimate means "lawful, according to law"• legitimacy is the right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime.
• the state and government have been properly constituted following rules and procedures and therefore the people should obey it. This popular belief is what gives legitimacy to the state.
• legitimacy of state is explained by Robert A Dahl, as a condition
"if the people to whom it(state) orders, are directed to believe that the structure, procedures, acts, decisions, policies, officials or leaders of government possess the quality of "rightness", propriety or moral goodness, to make binding rules."
• every state makes conscious effort to achieve a high level of legitimacy.
• for ex - if the behaviour of a boss of some office is good then it will have "consent" of people but if his behaviour towards his employees is very strict & immoral then he will not gain the "consent" of his employees.
The boss in the first case has more Legitimacy than the second.
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