Basics of Physical Geography Of India and Physiological Division Of Himalayas under Geography | Geography Notes PDF in English
Some basic facts :-
- world's highest mountain range
- protect us against polar or cold or siberian winds.
- himalayas formation cause tectonic activities & as a result earthquakes occur in indian sub continent.
- It is an alpine period mountain.
[Alpine Period is better known as an mountain-building event that affected a broad segment of southern Europe & the mediterranean region. Occurred mainly between 65 million to 2.5 million years ago & it is still active today.]
- it also provides us various climatic experience, rivers, bio diversity, medicines etc.
Himalayas is further divided into 3 regions :-
1) Outer Himalayas
(vedic name - Shiwalik) -
- it is youngest & lowest range of mountains
- height 600m to 1500m
- important hills :-
~ Dafla, Miri, Mishmi, Abor, Patkai - Arunachal pradesh
~ Jammu hills - Jammu & kashmir
~ Churia, Muria, Dundwa range - Nepal
2) Middle Himalayas
(vedic name - Himanchal) -
- height 3700m to 4500m
- most of hill stations lies in it.
~ ex- Dalhousie, Shimla ( located on Dhauladhar range ), Darjeeling, Mussorie, Nainital
- it has following ranges -
~ Pirpanjal range - J & k, ( longest range in Himalayas )
~ Dhauladhar range - Himachal pradesh
~ Mussorie range - Uttarakhand
~ Nagtibba range - Uttarakhand
~ Mahabharat range - Nepal
- important passes -
~ Pirpanjal pass - Jammu - Srinagar
~ Banihal pass - Jammu - Srinagar
~ Rohtang pass (Himachal Pradesh) - Kullu - Keylong (passing Manali)
3) Inner Himalayas or Greater Himalaya
(vedic name - Himadri or Bahirgiri) -
- highest mountain range in the world
- highest mountain range of the world
- some of the peaks lies in Inner Himalayas -
1) Mount Everest (Nepal, 8848m)
~ Highest peak in the world
~ also known as Sagarmatha (Nepal) & Chomolangma (China)
2) K-2 (Qagir or Godwin Austin)
~ 2nd highest in the world & highest in India
3) Kandchenjunga (Sikkim)
~ 3rd highest
4) Makalu & Dhaulagiri (Nepal)
- Important passes in Inner Himalayas :-
• Karakoram - Jammu and Kashmir, India to China
• Burzil pass - Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir to Central Asia
• Zozila - Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar to Leh
• Nathu-la & Jalep-La - Sikkim
• Pangsad - Arunachal Pradesh, Dibrugarh to Mayanmar
• Bomdi-La - Arunachal Pradesh
• Mana pass & Niti pass - Uttarakhand
• Shipki-La Pass & Bara Lacha-La Pass - Himachal Pradesh
Note :-
• Trans Himalayas
~ it lies mainly in western part of Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir
~ it comprises of Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar range
• Oldest mountain range in India :- Aravalli (Relict mountain)
Lies in - Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi
~ Gujarat - Kathiawar area (Aravalli Starts)
(Gir national park is in Gujarat which is famous for Asiatic lion)
~ Delhi - Raisina Hills (Aravali part)
(Rashtrapati bhawan located)
• Highest peak of Aravalli :- Gurushikhar, Rajasthan (Mount Abu located here)
--------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
Join Us On Telegram - Click Here
--------------------------------------------
Join Us On WhatsApp - Click Here