The Social Contract Theory: Origin Of State, Nature Of the Man, Terms of Social Contract, Different viewpoints of John Locke, Thomas Hobbs and Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Political science notes for BALLB
• Topics covered in this blog :-
- Origin of State
- What is Social Contract Theory?
- Different viewpoints regarding "Nature of the Man"
- Different viewpoints regarding "Terms of Social Contract"
• Origin of State
- various political thinkers have attempted to explain the origin of the state in various ways- when, where and how the state came into existence have not been recorded anywhere in the history
- there are various hypothesis which are adopted by the political thinkers to explain the origin and various theories were made on the basis of that
- following are the theories regarding the origin of state :-
1) The Theory of Divine Origin
2) Social Contract Theory
3) Force Theory
4) Evolutionary Theory
• The Social Contract Theory
- this theory treats the state as the product of mutual agreement of men to serve certain social needs.
- this theory implies that there was a time when man left without state, this stage is called as "state of nature"
- Hobbs, Locke and Rousseau have drawn different pictures of the
"state of nature",
"the terms of the social contract" and
"the character of sovereignty"
which came into existence as a consequence of the birth of this State.
• Nature of the Man
( At the time of State of Nature)1) Hobbs
- according to Hobbes, humans are selfish by nature and self interest is the reason behind every action of the man
- every human wants to fulfill his own pleasure and power others but the physical and mental power of man by Nature are alike that's why all men stand in natural fear of each other
- "self preservation" was embodied in the "law of nature" & It was their "natural rights" and this requirement itself created a sense of duty in the minds of men which from them to form the state
2) Locke
- according to Locke, humans are rational beings by nature
- majority of people over the "law of nature" which consist of some morality such as Goodwill, Mutual assistance and Preservation implanted in the human conscience
- absence of an established authorities have made it difficult to deal with the offenders who set aside the rules of morality in pursuance of their self-interest hence if man becomes the judge of their own case justice would not be issued as a result, all men entered into civil or political society by means of contract
- all men wanted perfect freedom and equality not only to preserve his property that is his life but also to punish the breaches of natural law, this was their Natural Right.
3) Rousseau
- Rousseau escribes man as a "noble savage"
( Human possessing high moral qualities )
- "idyllic blissfulness" and "simplicity" but the state of nature
( Idyllic means, सुखद जीवन का & blissfulness means, परमानंद )
- men were equal and self-sufficient but with the rise of civilization inequalities started among each other which led to the requirement of formation of a state
- according to Rousseau, "man is born free but he is everywhere in chains"
PART 1
PART 2
PART 3
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