Basics Of Physical Geography Of India and Physiographic Divisions of India | Geography Notes PDF in English

Physical Geography Of India

  • India's geographical area is 2.4% of the world’s total.
  • Located in the south-eastern part of the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Between 8°4′N to 37°6′N latitudes and 68°7’E to 97°25’E longitudes.
  • Standard Meridian: 82 1/2°E, 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich. Tropic of Cancer divides India into two equal parts.
  • It passes through 8 states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
  • India has 29 states and 7 union territories.
  • Neighbours :- Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
  • Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Palk Strait.
The states of India forming borders with neighbouring countries are the following:-
(a) Pakistan: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
(b) China: Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
(c) Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
(d) Bangladesh: Mizoram, Tripura, Assam,
Meghalaya and West Bengal. India shares maximum length of border with Bangladesh.
(e) Nepal: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim.
(f) Bhutan: Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.



Physiographic Divisions of India :-

1. The Himalayan range of mountains

2. The Peninsular plateau

3. The Great plain of India

4. The Coastal plains

5. The Islands of India





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